You can find generally two possible causes to the powerful refractive index variation on light-weight irradiation: heating of the LiNbO3:Fe substrates and, consequently, with the LC in the microchannel, and director reorientation in the electrical industry induced by light-weight from the LiNbO3:Fe substrates. Now, thus far, just the refinement system https://lithium-niobate-crystal72592.targetblogs.com/32975005/considerations-to-know-about-lithium-niobate-crystal